Shocking truths about how plastic is getting in your body

By Dr. Nathalie Beauchamp, DC

You may have heard the shocking claim that the average person consumes a credit card’s worth of plastic every week. While this “fact” has been debunked—studies now estimate the actual number is much lower—the reality is still alarming. Research reveals that plastic in our bodies is an increasingly concerning issue, with studies showing we unknowingly ingest between 10–300 micrograms of microplastics every week. This exposure depends on factors like where we live, what we eat, and the water we drink, according to a 2023 study, Microplastics in food: quantities, human exposure, and potential health risks.

Microplastics are everywhere—in our food, water, and even the air we breathe. Once thought to be an issue confined to polluted oceans and landfills, microplastics have infiltrated nearly every corner of our environment—and now, into our bodies. Environmental Defence Canada highlights how plastic pollution continues to affect both our ecosystems and health.

Scientists are now uncovering how these particles interact with human biology, and the findings are concerning. Microplastics are found in our bloodstreams, lungs, and even the placenta, and they carry chemicals that disrupt hormones, affect brain function, and potentially contribute to long-term health issues. 

The question is: what can we do to protect ourselves in a world where plastic is everywhere?

How are microplastics getting into our bodies?

Microplastics come from two main sources: plastic waste breaking down over time and tiny plastic particles intentionally added to products. When plastic bags, bottles, or packaging degrade, they don’t disappear—they simply break into smaller and smaller pieces, eventually becoming microscopic. At the same time, industries manufacture microplastics for specific purposes, such as microbeads in cosmetics or fibres in synthetic clothing. Once released into the environment, these particles spread everywhere: into the soil, waterways, air, and eventually, into us.

Microplastics enter our bodies through three primary pathways: 

1. Water

When you consider that microplastics are present in nearly every water source on Earth—from oceans and rivers to tap and bottled water—it becomes evident how plastic in our bodies has become a growing concern. Tap water alone can expose us to 220,000 to 1.2 million plastic particles annually, depending on where you live. And if you think bottled water is a safer option, think again—bottled water drinkers ingest up to 90,000 more microplastic particles annually compared to those who don’t.

Even something as basic as brewing tea can dramatically increase exposure. A 2019 study found that plastic-based tea bags (commonly the silky, pyramid-shaped ones) can release 11.6 billion microplastic particles and 3.1 billion nanoplastic particles into a single cup of tea. Traditional paper tea bags do not pose the same risk, making it important to check the materials used in your tea bags. With microplastics infiltrating every part of the water cycle, avoiding them entirely is nearly impossible.

2. Food

The food we eat is another major source of exposure to plastic in our bodies, particularly seafood. Shellfish like mussels and oysters filter large amounts of water to feed—and in doing so, they also filter out microplastics. When we eat them, we’re eating the plastic they’ve absorbed. Research suggests that if you eat a lot of seafood, you could be consuming up to 11,000 plastic particles every year.

But seafood isn’t the only problem. Packaged foods—particularly those stored or heated in plastic—are also a major contributor. Heat is one of the biggest culprits: microwaving leftovers in plastic containers, drinking hot coffee from plastic-lined cups, or even preparing baby formula in plastic bottles can release millions of plastic particles into what you’re consuming. One study found that boiling water in polypropylene baby bottles can release up to 16 million plastic particles per litre.

Organizations like Dietitians of Canada provide resources on how to minimize exposure to contaminants like microplastics through better food choices.

Sadly, even fresh fruits and vegetables aren’t entirely safe. They can absorb microplastics from polluted soil or irrigation water, meaning even your seemingly “healthy” choices may carry traces of plastic.

It’s important to note that microplastics also originate from synthetic clothing. When washed, these garments shed tiny plastic fibers that can contaminate water sources and, eventually, our food supply. For a deeper understanding of this issue, read our article on The Toxic Truth About Cheap Clothes.

3. Air

Microplastics are not just in the water you drink or the food you eat—they’re also in the air you breathe. This underlines how pervasive plastic in our bodies has become, affecting even the air we inhale daily. Tiny fibres from synthetic clothing, particles from car tires, and dust from everyday items like carpets, furniture, and plastic packaging are constantly being released into the atmosphere. Indoors, these emissions are even higher, creating a concentrated source of airborne microplastics.

Once inhaled, these microscopic particles can settle deep in the lungs and may remain there for extended periods. Researchers are still studying the long-term health effects, but early findings suggest that these particles could contribute to inflammation, respiratory issues, and other health risks. 

How the body handles microplastic exposure

Our bodies have mechanisms to expel most microplastics, but the increasing prevalence of plastic in our bodies due to smaller particles is concerning. These ultrafine plastics can infiltrate vital organs and potentially cause long-term health effects. Studies show that around 99 per cent of ingested microplastics are expelled within 24 to 72 hours, primarily through stool, with a smaller amount excreted via urine. However, the ability to eliminate microplastics depends on their size and how they enter the body.

Larger microplastics (over 10 microns): These particles are too big to cross the gut lining and are typically removed through digestion without being absorbed. Smaller particles (under 10 microns): These are more likely to pass through the gut lining into the bloodstream. However, research suggests that only 0.3–1.7 per cent of microplastics are absorbed this way.

Ultrafine particles (under 2.5 microns): The smallest particles are the most concerning, as they can infiltrate the bloodstream, circulate to vital organs like the liver or brain, and may even persist in tissues.

For microplastics inhaled into the lungs, some particles can be cleared through coughing, sneezing, or mucous. However, smaller particles that settle deep in the lungs are harder to remove and may remain there for extended periods, potentially causing inflammation or other long-term effects.

What are microplastics doing to our health?

They’re disrupting our hormones

Many plastics contain chemicals like BPA, BPS, and phthalates—substances that mimic hormones in our bodies, particularly estrogen. These endocrine disruptors can throw our hormonal systems completely out of balance. For women, this means an increased risk of conditions like endometriosis, infertility, and breast cancer. For men, it can lower testosterone levels, leading to mood changes, reduced muscle mass, and reproductive issues.

They’re messing with our brains

One of the most alarming discoveries is that microplastics can cross the blood-brain barrier. This barrier is supposed to protect the brain from harmful substances, but studies have found that microplastics can breach it and accumulate in brain tissue. In fact, the brain seems to hold 10–20 times more microplastics than other organs.

This raises serious concerns about their role in neurological diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis. While more research is needed, the increasing rates of these conditions make the connection hard to ignore.

They’re damaging our hearts and immune systems

Microplastics in the bloodstream can harm cardiovascular health. Studies show that individuals with microplastics in their arteries are 4.5 times more likely to experience heart attacks or strokes. BPA, in particular, has been shown to raise blood pressure within hours of exposure.

The immune system doesn’t fare much better. Microplastics weaken our defences, making us more susceptible to infections and diseases. They’ve even been linked to certain cancers, including childhood cancers like osteosarcoma and lymphoma.

They’re affecting pregnancy and children

Perhaps most troubling is the recent discovery of microplastics in the placenta. A 2021 study found plastic particles in the placentas of pregnant women, suggesting that microplastics can cross from mother to fetus. This raises serious concerns about how these particles might affect fetal development, as exposure to chemicals carried by microplastics could disrupt critical stages of growth. Studies have linked higher levels of BPA during pregnancy to developmental delays, autism, and behavioural issues in children.

How can we protect ourselves?

The thought of microplastics being everywhere can feel overwhelming, but it’s important to remember that small, intentional changes can make a big difference. While we can’t eliminate microplastics entirely, we can take meaningful steps to reduce our exposure and protect our health. Here’s how:

Avoid heating plastics—Heat causes plastics to release more harmful particles and chemicals into food and drinks. Instead of microwaving food in plastic containers or drinking hot coffee from plastic-lined cups, switch to alternatives like glass, stainless steel, or ceramic. These small swaps can significantly reduce your exposure.

Filter your water—A quality water filter can help remove microplastics from your drinking water. Consider investing in a reverse-osmosis system, which is one of the most effective options. And remember, bottled water isn’t necessarily safer—it often contains more plastic particles than tap water. 

Improve indoor air quality—Since most of our time is spent indoors, reducing airborne microplastics at home is key. Use a HEPA air filter to trap particles floating in the air, and wash synthetic clothing in a washing machine equipped with a microfiber filter to prevent plastics from being released into the environment.

Choose fresh, unpackaged foods—Whenever possible, opt for fresh produce instead of packaged or processed foods. Packaging often exposes food to plastic particles, particularly during storage. By choosing unpackaged options, you’ll not only reduce your plastic exposure but also support a healthier diet overall.

Switch to natural materials—Replace synthetic fabrics like polyester with natural fibers such as cotton, wool, or hemp. Similarly, swap nonstick cookware for safer alternatives like stainless steel, cast iron, or ceramic. These changes can help limit the amount of microplastics entering your home and body.

Sweat it out—Exercise, sauna sessions, or any activity that promotes sweating can help your body naturally detoxify, expelling harmful substances—including those from microplastics. Staying active isn’t just good for your overall health; it’s also a simple way to support your body’s natural defenses.

Eat more fiber—A fiber-rich diet can help bind toxins in the gut and carry them out of the body. Whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are excellent choices to promote a healthy digestive system and keep microplastics moving through, rather than staying in, your body.

Add detoxifying foods—Certain foods can help your body’s natural detoxification processes. For example, sulforaphane, a compound found in broccoli and broccoli sprouts, activates pathways that help the body eliminate harmful chemicals. Including these in your meals is a simple, science-backed way to support your health. If you aren’t in the habit of eating cruciferous veggies every day, a supplement may be the answer.

While it’s impossible to completely avoid microplastics, every step you take to minimize exposure to plastic in our bodies is a step toward better health. The more we understand about their impact, the more empowered we become to make choices that protect ourselves and our families. Being mindful of what you eat, drink, and use in your daily life not only reduces the amount of plastic entering your body but also contributes to a larger effort to combat plastic pollution. Remember, small changes add up—your actions matter, and they can make a real difference for both your health and the environment.

Yours in health,
Dr. Nathalie

Dr. Nathalie Beauchamp, B.Sc., D.C., IFMCP is the author of the book—Hack Your Health Habits: Simple, Action-Driven, Natural Solutions For People On The Go, and the creator of several online health education programs. Dr. Nathalie’s mission is to educate, lead and empower people to take control of their health. She recently launched a new book https://smartcuts.life/
For health strategies and biohacking tips sign up for her newsletter at www.drnathaliebeauchamp.com

Photo credit: © Poligrafistka via Canva.com

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